Econometrica

Journal Of The Econometric Society

An International Society for the Advancement of Economic
Theory in its Relation to Statistics and Mathematics

Edited by: Guido W. Imbens • Print ISSN: 0012-9682 • Online ISSN: 1468-0262

Econometrica: Jan, 1990, Volume 58, Issue 1

Inference in Linear Time Series Models with some Unit Roots

https://doi.org/0012-9682(199001)58:1<113:IILTSM>2.0.CO;2-P
p. 113-144

Christopher A. Sims, James H. Stock, Mark W. Watson

This paper considers estimation and hypothesis testing in linear time series models when some or all of the variables have unit roots. Our motivating example is a vector autoregression with some unit roots in the companion matrix, which might include polynomials in time as regressors. In the general formulation, the variable might be integrated or cointegrated of arbitrary orders, and might have drifts as well. We show that parameters that can be written as coefficients on mean zero, nonintegrated regressors have jointly normal asymptotic distributions, converging at the rate $T^{1/2}$. In general, the other coefficients (including the coefficients on polynomials in time) will have nonnormal asymptotic distributions. The results provide a formal characterization of which $t$ or $F$ tests--such as Granger causality tests--will be asymptotically valid, and which will have nonstandard limiting distributions.


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